Author Topic: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots  (Read 15936 times)

agent_smith

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Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« on: June 09, 2017, 02:51:28 PM »
Just announcing that the draft paper (VER 0.5) is now uploaded and live on the PACI website.

PACI website: www.paci.com.au  (click on 'public downloads' / 'knots and knotting concepts')

Direct link to page: http://www.paci.com.au/knots.php  (at #3 in the table)

I welcome comments and constructive contributions...hopefully this paper will develop into a robust and technically accurate body of knowledge on offset joining knots.

As stated, it is a very rough draft that I literally punched out in a fit of energy today (+ a few cups of strong coffee).

...

Personally, I would like to set the record straight and bust a few myths along the way...
Here is a link to a website which sparked my fit... with our good friend 'knudeNoggin' :) who's excellent commentary was largely ignored.
Link: https://northeastalpinestart.com/2016/09/27/one-of-these-knots-can-kill-you/

EDIT:

Here are some more links that paint a picture of the current state-of-play around the climbing/adventure sports world...

Link: http://topherdonahue.com/blog/2016/12/7/barrel-knot-for-tying-rappel-ropes-together

Link: https://14ers.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=50757

Link: http://www.bsar.org.au/bush-safety-resources/bwrs-research/  (scroll down for Dave Drohan report)

Link: http://www.commonclimber.com/edk.html  (scroll down for more links at bottom)

Link: http://foxmountainguides.com/flat-overhand-not-edk/ 


Mark Gommers
« Last Edit: June 18, 2017, 11:39:39 AM by agent_smith »

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #1 on: June 10, 2017, 04:24:15 AM »
VER 0.2 is uploaded for comment and contribution from interested persons.

Change log:
[ ] Preamble re-written
[ ] Acknowledgements to Dan Lehman (per different rope diameters & rotating the structure to induce a 'choking' effect to trap and crush the tails)
[ ] References to ensuring that tails should always be tied to identical lengths
[ ] Expanded on page dealing with different rope diameters
[ ] Added page on concept of rotating the structure to induce a 'choking' effect

This is still very much a rough draft and a lot of work needs to be done. The paper in its present form is likely full of grammar errors and the sequence of information is in no particular logical order...

Mark G

SS369

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #2 on: June 10, 2017, 02:23:49 PM »
Good day Mark.

I am looking forward to this project and hope to contribute if and when I have anything meaningful to add.

In my personal experience, I always try to keep things as simple as possible. Easy to remember and perform.
I usually have sufficient rope lengths for the climb and return, but, have in the past had to join dissimilar ropes. One was a static, the other dynamic, both being approx. the same diameter. Using  #1410, backed up with the same, snugged to the first (so easy and functional), I had no challenges with any aspects of use or undoing.
Way easy to teach as well.

I am of average weight, sometimes do a bit of wild things on the way down for fun, but I know I don't stress the rope(s) or my gear anywhere near their limits.

So far, I've never had an experience with my rope getting hung. The bigger challenge is the end of rope coming down and dodging it.

SS

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #3 on: June 11, 2017, 02:47:30 AM »
VER 0.3 is uploaded.

Change log:
[ ] Images corrected on page 12 (effect of rotation on security and stability)

Luckily I found this error before Dan Lehman scolded me... :)

Mark G

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #4 on: June 11, 2017, 07:03:48 AM »
VER 0.4 is uploaded.

Many changes and additions... too tired to list them all now.

Mark G

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #5 on: June 11, 2017, 10:16:05 AM »
VER 0.4a is uploaded.

Changed the cover page.

Added a new page on dressing.

Added additional wording to clarify several concepts (eg flat versus offset)

Mark G

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #6 on: June 12, 2017, 02:33:26 AM »
VER 0.5 (12 July 2017) is uploaded.

Many additions and alterations.

Contents page is also alive and working now...

I have completed the principle work to get this paper into shape as a working draft.
The next stage is to await for comments/feedback.

Please post your remarks in this thread or PM me if you prefer.
If you would like to be acknowledged as a contributor, please advise!

Mark G

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #7 on: June 12, 2017, 04:07:02 AM »
Just announcing that the draft paper (VER 0.5) is now uploaded and live on the PACI website.

PACI website: www.paci.com.au  (click on 'public downloads' / 'knots and knotting concepts')

Direct link to page: http://www.paci.com.au/knots.php  (at #3 in the table)


Mark Gommers

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #8 on: June 18, 2017, 11:43:57 AM »
Announcing that VER 1.0 is uploaded and available for download.

I have advanced this work faster than expected... even wrote a short conclusion.

Please note that this is intended to be a 'living document' - meaning that it will be continuously improved as new information and feedback is received.

I have made this document free to download and without restriction as a contribution to world knowledge.

Disclaimer: There may be errors (ie bugs) in the paper because it is new. With the passage of time and further input and feedback, these bugs will be ironed out.


Mark Gommers
18 June 2017

Dan_Lehman

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #9 on: June 26, 2017, 11:15:41 PM »
Using  #1410, backed up with the same, snugged to the first (so easy and functional),
I had no challenges with any aspects of use or undoing.
Way easy to teach as well.
While my initial reaction to the so-called "EDK-backed EDK"
was unfavorable and like that expressed in this draft paper,
I've come 'round to realizing that in fact this arguably
needlessly bulky knot has much to recommend it in
terms of NOT needing the "IMPORTANT!" tying points
given for my once favored variations of the EDK/OOB/OWK
of how to position different diameter/nature ropes and so on
--something I'd challenged myself with, to wit : "If THESE
tying fine points make for *better* ..., does missing them
imply *worse*?!"  (likely so, alas)

At the very least, the OOB-backed-OOB" (to avoid "EDK")
should be advocated as a brain-dead method for at least
stressful times (for cold & gloved hands with stiff ropes, e.g.).
Where all bets are off on assured dressing & orientation.
(I've yet to test the compound structure with cases of
egregiously unwell-tied knots --misoriented, crossing strands,
and NOT snugged up well (maybe slightly loose, to boot);
my contention is that, though, the knot WILL hold in such
cases.  And that THAT is one BIG point in its favor,
all ugly aesthetics aside!

 - - - - - -

Quote
I am of average weight, sometimes do a bit of wild things on the way down for fun,
but I know I don't stress the rope(s) or my gear anywhere near their limits.
It's important to consider the effects of such circumstance
which might seem benign & well within safe tolerances,
when in fact it might be that precisely the lack of force
upon the knot enables it to do things re loosening!
--this, at least, is what was asserted/mused/theorized
for the loosening of (non-offset) water knots in tape;
that once hard-set, they behaved well; but without that
setting, they could ratchet loose the exterior strand.
(There was a death from such a knot coming untied
last year, July?  --an Exum guide.)

Not sure that offset end-2-end knots have such vulnerability,
but running through some combinations of ropes and dressings
might be best done first with say 50# force gently bounced,
then bump up to 100# or one's body weight, and even some
doubling of that w/pulley assist or other means,
seeking happy upper reaches.

For my part, if I get to this, I'll certainly not be striving at first,
at least, for seeing actual knot failure; I expect that initially I'll
be making observations about differences that obtain, of what
forms/combinations/orientation-of-knot seem to be maybe
heading in a bad direction.  And then THOSE might get some
kind of more serious test!?

--dl*
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Dan_Lehman

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #10 on: June 26, 2017, 11:31:16 PM »
1) What is the "safety" concern of ensuring that tails are the
same length?!  (IMO, this would be better --for researches--
were they markedly different, and then is an offset end-2-en
knot really did flype/roll to failure, there's be one rope still
tied in the base knot!  --hardly the sort of happy thing to
be hoping for, as there is no gain for the victim here.


2) I see discussion of my point re rotation/orientation of the
knot on the plane its offset from, but the assertions about
no-rotation somehow differs in choking effect from "rotation"
version is confused :: both have the choking that is cited,
but in different strands/positions ("interior"/"exterior" strands).
They are arc-loop & loop-arc, if this nomenclature is using
choking-strand as first-described.
And both of these forms have the tails at roughly right-angle
to axis of tension; whereas the mid-rotation form is what
aligns tails w/SParts (axis), and is in my crude understanding
possibly the least stable orientation (sort of arc-arc).  But I
do NOT have any good testing to back this up.
(And, no, one cannot presume that in the course of even
a lonnng bit of usage that everything must have been tested
by practice :: perhaps everything at some point saw SOME
usage, but maybe natural tendencies much favor one vs.
other orientations; maybe one of them just has a lower
upper-bound of force --though still usually beyond what
abseiling will generate-- than the others.
.:.  testing should be done.

3) I remain opposed to the additional-turn knot advocated
by the paper,
and in favor of the offset 9-oh in which the additional
turn is clearly made by the choking strand, done prior to
its being tucked out beside the other (blue w/extra turn,
in the example of the paper).  It should be well clearer to
tie this and be making the turn w/the correct strand than
of choosing one of the two already initially tucked together!
Moreover, the full wrap is as tight a helix as can be,
not one that has a foreign strand spreading the turning
ones into a milder helix!


--dl*
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agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #11 on: June 27, 2017, 12:32:03 PM »
Quote
1) What is the "safety" concern of ensuring that tails are the
same length?!

Identical tails provide a means to gauge any change in the knot structure.
For example: A party of 3 climbers descend a route. First person completes the first pitch. Second person also descends successfully. The last person notices that the tails are no longer identical - one is noticeably smaller than the other. This would alert the last climber that somethings changed, and needs to be re-checked.

If the tails are randomly set, there is no way to detect change.

It serves as a 'tell-tale', and alerts climbers to change.

Quote
but the assertions about
no-rotation somehow differs in choking effect from "rotation"
version is confused :: both have the choking that is cited,

No - they actually don't. The bottom image on page 14 is rotated and has a choking effect with the blue rope.
The upper image is in a neutral state - at the midpoint.
I tried very hard to capture the upper image at its midpoint (neutral rotation) but its really difficult to convey the concept.

The blue rope lies closest to the 'axis of tension' -and can be thought of as the 'interior' rope segment.


Quote
I remain opposed to the additional-turn knot advocated
by the paper,
and in favor of the offset 9-oh
Well, I thought as much. I ran out of time to photograph the offset F9. I will have another opportunity next week to include that knot in the paper.
Keep in mind that one of the design goals is to achieve a small footprint. The offset overhand bend with additional turn does not significantly increase the knot bulk.

I will also photograph some variations of the offset F8.


Quote
While my initial reaction to the so-called "EDK-backed EDK"
was unfavorable and like that expressed in this draft paper,
I've come 'round to realizing that in fact this arguably
needlessly bulky knot has much to recommend it in
terms of NOT needing the "IMPORTANT!" tying points
given for my once favored variations of the EDK/OOB/OWK
of how to position different diameter/nature ropes and so on

At the loads produced by a single person (up to around 130kg with gear) - I have not observed instability or security issues. Tail slippage in a properly dressed #1410 is not going happen.
However, I take your point re the 'important tying/dressing points' - in that the backed up #1410 theoretically mitigates such issues- albeit at the penalty of increased footprint.
The offset double overhand bend (see page 18) in my view would be preferable to a backed up #1410.

Mark G

agent_smith

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #12 on: June 27, 2017, 12:37:03 PM »
I also need the Dan Lehman endorsed precise definition of 'asymmetric' versus 'symmetric' bends please :)

Mark

Dan_Lehman

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #13 on: June 27, 2017, 10:21:20 PM »
Quote
1) What is the "safety" concern of ensuring that tails are the
same length?!

Identical tails provide a means to gauge any change in the knot structure.
...
It serves as a 'tell-tale', and alerts climbers to change.
Fair enough, and I suspected this --though it goes against
those assertions of surety w/the knot, eh!   ::)


Quote
Quote
but the assertions about
no-rotation somehow differs in choking effect from "rotation"
version is confused :: both have the choking that is cited,

No - they actually don't. The bottom image on page 14 is rotated and has a choking effect with the blue rope.
The upper image is in a neutral state - at the midpoint.
I tried very hard to capture the upper image at its midpoint (neutral rotation) but its really difficult to convey the concept.
Hmmm, (a) try again, and aim for seeing the tops of BOTH
ends adjacent at the top (at present, the blue is less so);
AND (b) show rotation in the other direction as well (which
is what makes "midpoint" just that.
Taking a looking-down-upon-knot-set-upon-table persective
would clearly show tails swinging from roughly right-angle on
one side, aligned, and right-angle to opposite side triad.

(Again, my surmise is that the midpoint orientation might
be least stable; but I have no good testing done, to support
or contradict this --just some casual observation.)

Quote
Quote
While my initial reaction to the so-called "EDK-backed EDK"
was unfavorable and like that expressed in this draft paper,
I've come 'round to realizing that in fact this arguably
needlessly bulky knot has much to recommend it in
terms of NOT needing the "IMPORTANT!" tying points
given for my once favored variations of the EDK/OOB/OWK
of how to position different diameter/nature ropes and so on

At the loads ... in a properly dressed #1410
//
However, I take your point re the 'important tying/dressing points' - in that the backed up #1410 theoretically mitigates such issues- albeit at the penalty of increased footprint.
The offset double overhand bend (see page 18) in my view would be preferable to a backed up #1410.
The latter knot is NOT one so easily tied under duress,
with frozen ropes, etc.; that is the entire point of the
seemingly gratuitously bulky/wasteful double-knotting.
As for "footprint", I doubt that it makes much difference
the way things are --one shouldn't be pulling through
an ring, and pulling into a "V" even would see the
back-up half just bobbing atop the other, not adding
bulk of any significance to it at the rub points.

.:.  It's not just the additional *knotting*/material of
the EDK-backed-EDK, but the WAY that material comes
--i.e., as a stopper structure to be jammed into the
base knot.  (Even the variation where one only ties off the
choking strand's tail will have less bulk to jam, and
of course necessitates making the correct choice of tail.)

The tying action is so direct & simple : Do what you just did, again.

In cases WITHOUT duress ... , one is certainly happily advised
to make those helpful discriminations & tying correctnesses.


--dl*
====

SS369

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Re: Analysis of Offset Rope Joining Knots
« Reply #14 on: July 02, 2017, 07:39:42 PM »
In the interest of exploring various bends to use in climbing I'd like to offer ABoK #526 Stopper knot using two ropes tied parallel, using the ends of the ropes to be joined.

I have tied it with an assortment of climbing ropes including different diameters to each other. All within the sizes that climbers would use in this scenario.

Testing, using my body weight, as a stopper through a chain and as a bend to lengthen, I found it worthy to consider here.
Easy to tie, easy to inspect and easy to untie after bouncing with my body weight. I beat it, thrashed it and flogged it all around to find it still secure.

One must snug the parts reasonably tight.

The bulk is not so much different than the overhand bend.

SS

 

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